What Are the Qualifications to Run for House of Representatives
The United States Congress is the legislative co-operative of the federal government and consists of two houses: the lower house known as the House of Representatives and the upper firm known as the Senate. The words "Congress" and "House" are sometimes used colloquially to refer to the House of Representatives. There are 535 members of Congress: 100 senators and 435 representatives in the House.
Republicans currently control the Senate (54 to 44 Democrats) and the House (246 to 188).
Comparison chart
 | House of Representatives | Senate |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | The United States House of Representatives is ane of the two houses of the Usa Congress. It is ofttimes referred to equally the Firm. | The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States Congress. |
| Type | Lower firm. Responds to the needs of the people faster since representatives only have a two year term. Laws dealing with acquirement must kickoff in the Business firm. | Upper house. The six twelvemonth term means the Senate can exist slower and consider the long-term effects of laws. |
| Seats | 435 voting members, 6 non-voting members: 5 delegates, 1 resident commissioner | 100 |
| Seats apportioned | Based on the population of each state | Ii for each state |
| Length of term | 2 years. All 435 seats are up for reelection every two years. | half dozen years. Here there is a continuous body idea. Simply 1/3 of the senate seats are elected every two years. So but 34 or 33 senators are up for election at 1 time. |
| Term limits | None | None |
| Leadership | Nancy Pelosi (D) (Speaker); elected by the Firm of Representatives. | The President of the Senate [currently Kamala Harris (D) merely votes in instance of a tie. When he or she is not available, the President pro tempore, a senator elected by the Senate [currently Patrick Leahy (D)] takes over on his behalf. |
| Majority Leader | Steny Hoyer (D) | Chuck Schumer (D) |
| Minority Leader | Kevin McCarthy (R) | Mitch McConnell (R) |
| Majority Whip | James Clyburn (D) | John Thune (R) |
| Minority Whip | Steve Scalise (R) | Dick Durbin (D) |
| Political groups | Autonomous (219), Republican (211), 5 vacant seats | Republican (48), Autonomous (48), Independent (two) |
| Voting system | First-past-the-post | Offset-by-the-mail |
| History | Based on Virginia Plan | Based on New Bailiwick of jersey Plan |
Size of Senate vs. House
While there are 100 seats in the Senate (2 senators from each state), in that location are 435 seats in the House of Representatives (one representative from each of the various congressional districts, with the number of congressional districts in each state determined by the population).
The Reapportionment Act of 1929 ready the final number of the Firm at the electric current 435, with district sizes adjusted according to population growth. However, as district borders were never divers definitively, they can and often practise stretch into peculiar shapes due to a practice known every bit gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering is used at the land legislature level to create districts that overwhelmingly favor 1 party. Federal and Supreme Courtroom rulings have overturned gerrymandering efforts that have been perceived to be based on race, merely otherwise some districts have been reconfigured to give one or some other political party an farthermost political advantage, thus assuasive that party to secure more than power in the state and in the Business firm of Representatives.
A line graph showing which political parties have controlled the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate over the years. Click to enlarge.
Roles of Representatives and Senators
The House plays a major office in government, mainly that of initiating all revenue-based legislation. Whatsoever proposal to enhance taxes must come from the House, with Senate review and approval. The Senate, on the other manus, has sole power of blessing on strange treaties and cabinet and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Court.
In cases of impeachment (e.k., Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998), the House determines if charges can be brought against the official, and a uncomplicated majority vote approves or rejects the filing of charges (the impeachment procedure). If approved, the Senate then serves as the investigative/judicial trunk to determine if the charges merit removing the defendant official from his or her office. Notwithstanding, the vote in the Senate has to represent "a significant majority," normally taken to mean 67 of the 100 votes.
Members of Congress are deemed to be "across the ability of abort" while in office, except in cases of treason, murder, or fraud. This stipulation has been used by representatives and senators to avert subpoenas and other judicial procedures. A senator can waive the privilege at any time, but a member of the Firm has to submit his or her petition to a full general vote. If a simple majority approves, the privilege can be waived.
Congress has the power to subpoena any citizen. Noncompliance with a congressional subpoena can comport upward to a one-year jail judgement. The case is heard in a judicial forum, and penalization (a sentence) for those found guilty of "contempt of Congress" is handled strictly past the judicial system.
The succession order in the federal government is president, vice president and and so Speaker of the House, the leader of the representatives. The vice president is considered the "president" of the Senate, though he or she is not required or even expected to nourish nigh Senate sessions. The Senate elects a "President Pro Tempore," oftentimes the senior, or longest-serving, senator of the majority party, who is responsible for managing solar day-to-day business.
Length of Terms
Senators are elected for a six-year term, but House representatives just take ii-year terms before they demand to seek reelection. Every member of the House is upwardly for ballot or reelection every 2 years, only the Senate has a staggered system wherein but one-3rd of the Senators are up for ballot or reelection every two years. Information technology is possible for the Business firm to change to a big extent (in terms of political party control) every two years, only changes are slower in the Senate. In both chambers, incumbents have a peachy reward over challengers, winning more than 90% of all contested races.
Qualifications
To be eligible as a representative, a person needs to be at least 25 years one-time at the time of the election and take lived continuously in the U.Southward. for at least vii years. To go a senator, i must be at least xxx years old at the time of the ballot and have lived continuously in the U.S. for at to the lowest degree nine years. It is not a requirement to exist a natural-born citizen in order to get a member of Congress.
Committees
Most of Congress' work takes identify in committees. Both the House and Senate accept standing, special, conference, and articulation committees.
Standing committees are permanent and provide longer-serving members with ability bases. In the Firm, cardinal committees include Budget, Ways and Ways, and Armed Services, while the Senate has Appropriations, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary committees. (Some committees exist in both chambers, such as Budget, Armed services, and Veterans Affairs.) Special committees are temporary, formed to investigate, analyze, and/or evaluate specific bug. Conference committees are formed when legislation is approved in both the House and Senate; they finalize the language in legislation. Joint committees characteristic members of the House and Senate, with leadership of each committee alternating betwixt members of each bedchamber.
Committees likewise have subcommittees, which are formed to focus more than closely on certain issues. Some have go permanent, only most are formed for limited fourth dimension frames. Although useful for zeroing in on key issues, the proliferation of committees, and especially subcommittees, has decentralized the legislative process and significantly slowed it, making Congress less responsive to changing trends and needs.
Debating legislation has stricter rules in the House than in the Senate, applicable at both the committee and whole-body levels. In the Business firm, contend time is restricted and topics are prepare beforehand, with discussions limited to the agenda. In the Senate, the tactic called filibustering is immune. Once the floor is ceded to a senator, he or she can speak for as long as the senator chooses, on whatever topic; no other business tin be transacted while the person speaks. A filibuster is used to cake potential legislation or Senate decisions until a favorable vote can be called. This has resulted in sometimes comically absurd efforts on the part of senators. For example, during a 2013 filibuster over the Affordable Care Deed, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) read from Green Eggs and Ham.
Origins of House and Senate
In full general, the House represents the population, while the Senate represents a "landed/big property" populace. In colonial times, the proposed "legislative body" had ii models. The Virginia Programme, endorsed by Thomas Jefferson, created a grouping of representatives based on population sizes, then that more than populous states would accept a greater voice in legislative problems. Opposing information technology was the New Bailiwick of jersey Program that limited each state to the same number of representatives; the plan suggested that there exist something between two to 5 representatives per state. The New Jersey Programme was criticized for property larger states "hostage" to smaller states, equally each would accept the same power base. This article in The New Yorker dissects information technology well:
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton admittedly hated the idea that each country should be entitled to the same number of senators regardless of size. Hamilton was withering on the topic. "As states are a drove of individual men," he harangued his fellow-delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, "which ought we to respect most, the rights of the people composing them, or of the artificial beings resulting from the limerick? Nothing could be more preposterous or absurd than to sacrifice the one-time to the latter."
Per the Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the United States adopted the bicameral system of the English Parliament (i.e., House of Lords and House of Commons). The compromise was between the Virginia program (small-scale state) and the New Jersey proposal (big state), two competing ideas on whether each state should get equal representation in the federal government or whether representation should be based on population. The compromise established that representatives in the lower house (House of Representatives) will be based on a population number (chosen a "district") while the upper house (Senate) would contain two representative from each state. It was too decided that all classes would exist eligible to get senators, discipline to age and residency restrictions.
References
- Congress.gov
- The Organisation of Congress - Cliff Notes
- Wikipedia: United States Business firm of Representatives
- Wikipedia: United States Senate
- Wikipedia: Structure of the Us Congress
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